You can choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

You can pick - Essay Example Similarly significant, there are a few good codes and moral lead that are instructed by the strict customs. The connection among law and religion is showed in the Islamic sharia, Christian ordinance law, Hindu law, and Jewish among others. Along these lines, drawing on an assortment of sources the paper will talk about the connections among law and religion. Both in substance and source, the connection among law and religion have consistently been accepted to exist, despite the fact that they are two unique ideas. The associating part between these two is the person. Both law and religion add to the social request. On one hand, law is considered as a lot of decides of direct that is planned for managing human conduct so as to separate great from awful (Howard 79). Law is utilized to propel the general great by creating lawful privileges of which it is compulsory to submit to. Then again, Edge (29) noticed that religion has various definitions and enemies of meanings of which none have accomplished predominance. In a view shared by Matadi, religion is a regulating framework that influences people’s lives and furthermore decides their lead. Additionally, religion built up the connection between an individual and the Supreme Being. For Muslims, the wellspring of religion lies in the Quran, for Christians it lies in the Bible, and for the local religions, it lies in the traditions, customs, and article passed on from the ancestor’s or divine beings. Hagedorn, Kratz, and Kratz (365) set that there exists a mind boggling connection between law as a lot of decides that oversee the social and political presence of humanity, and religion, which is a collection of otherworldly precepts and an arrangement of customs and standards of behavior.† Law is acknowledged as a characteristic result of the casual association controls in the general public. In this way, religion can likewise be acknowledged as an essential wellspring of law thinking about that social standards and standards are normally affected by the strict estimations of social orders. Correspondingly, religion additionally gives a lot of

The Ultimate Value of Promoting Respect in Schools

The Ultimate Value of Promoting Respect in Schools The estimation of regard in school can't be undersold. It is as amazing of a change specialist as another program or an extraordinary teacher. A absence of regard can be out and out hindering, totally subverting the strategic educating and learning. In late years, it appears that a deferential learning condition is nearly non-existent in numerous schools the nation over. It appears that there is a bunch of day by day reports featuring affront demanded against educators by understudies, guardians, and much different instructors. Shockingly, this is certainly not a single direction road. You routinely hear stories in regards to educators who misuse their position one way or another. This is a dismal reality that requirements to change right away. Educators and Respect By what means would teachers be able to anticipate that their understudies should regard them on the off chance that they are not ready to be conscious to their students? Respect should frequently be talked about, yet more critically, routinely demonstrated by teachers. When an educator won't be aware to their understudies, it sabotages their position and makes a characteristic hindrance that thwarts understudy learning. Students won't flourish in a domain where the instructor exceeds their power. Fortunately most educators are deferential towards their understudies consistently. Only a couple of decades back, educators were adored for their commitments. Tragically, those days are apparently gone. Teachers used to get the opportunity to be vindicated. In the event that an understudy made a terrible score, it was on the grounds that the understudy was not doing what they should do in class. Presently, if an understudy is fizzling, the fault is regularly laid on the educator. Educators can unfortunately do a limited amount of much with the constrained time that they have with their understudies. It is simple for society to lay fault on the educators and make them the substitutes. It addresses the general absence of regard for all instructors. At the point when regard turns into the standard, the instructors are affected fundamentally too. Holding and drawing in incredible instructors becomes simpler when there is a desire for an aware learning condition. No instructor appreciates study hall the board. There is no denying that it is a basic segment of instructing. In any case, they are called educators, not study hall managers. A instructors work turns out to be a lot more straightforward when they can use their opportunity to educate instead of teaching their understudies. This absence of regard in schools can at last be followed back to what is educated in the home. To be gruff, numerous guardians neglect to impart the significance of guiding principle, for example, regard as they once did. Because of this, in the same way as other things in todays society, the school has needed to assume on the liability of showing these standards through character training programs.â Schools must mediate and execute programs that encourage common regard in starting evaluations. Ingraining regard as a fundamental belief in schools will improve the overculture of a school and at last lead to progressively singular accomplishment as understudies have a sense of security and alright with their condition. Advance Respect in Schools Regard means both a constructive sentiment of regard for an individual and furthermore explicit activities and behaviors illustrative of that regard. Regard can be characterized as permitting yourself as well as other people to do and be their best. It is the objective of Any Where Public Schools to make a commonly deferential air between all people required inside our school including chairmen, instructors, staff individuals, understudies, guardians, guests. Thusly, all substances are required to stay conscious to one another consistently. Understudies and educators particularly are relied upon to welcome each other with kind words and understudy/instructor trades ought to be amicable, in a proper tone, and ought to stay decent. Most of understudy/instructor association should be sure. All school work force and understudies are relied upon to utilize the accompanying words that show regard for someone else at the proper occasions while tending to one another: PleaseThank YouYoure WelcomeExcuse MeMay I Help YouYes Sir, No Sir or Yes Maam, No Maam

Neighborhood Report Example

Neighborhood Report Example Neighborhood Report â€" Essay Example > Neighborhood ReportIn Fremont, California, IACF (Indo-American Community Federation) operates as a non-profit making organization for the benefit of the public. The organization encourages active participation of the indo-American community in various activities of the mainstream community. Such an endeavor aids in uniting the various diverse communities residing at Fremont. Similarly FCSN (Friends of Children with Special Needs) is also a non-profit making organization for providing life skills and support to physically and mentally challenge children and their families. CRIL (community resources for independent Living) was initiated to provide equip disabled individuals with teaching skills so as to empower them with a life skill and enable them o participate in the larger community. ( Wikipedia. (last modified 17:09, 7 September 2006). Fremont)The neighbourhood community choosesen for the purpose of study is Mission San Jose a place in Fremont California. Fermont came to be est ablished with the merger of five communities, namely Irvington, Mission San Jose, Centerville and Niels. Fermont and its adjoining cities were earlier called as Wasington Township. Fremont is situated towards the southeast of San Fransisco Bay area. According to a 2005 census it houses a population of 210,158. The city has a diverse demography with a large Afgani population and other Asian ethnic communities like Indians, chinese and Tiwanese. These people are mostly concentrated to th e district of Mission San Jose. .( Wikipedia. (last modified 17:09, 7 September 2006). Fremont)Large parts of the Afghani population are refugees who had fled from Afghanistan following the Soviet invasion. Geographically Fremont is located 37 °32'35?N, 121 °58'58?W (37.542943, -121.982786) GR1. The United States Census Bureau report that the entire area of the city is 225.6 km ² (87.1 mi ²). Out of this land about 11.97% is waterIn the city about 5.4% of the entire population and 3.6% of the total n umber of families were below the poverty line. Mission San Jose is at the feet of the Rolling hills of Fremont. In this district more than fifty percent of the populations are Asian. The high school in the locality is Mission San Jose High School. In this area the average income of the family as of the 2005 census was more than $114, 595.. ( Wikipedia. (last modified 17:09, 7 September 2006). Fremont)The community here is affluent and upwardly mobile. In the Forbes magazine which listed the five hundred affluent communities Mission San Jose was at the rank of three hundred and nine. The local community has a lot of upwardly mobile families with professionals who favor good education. In 2001 there was an endeavor made by the Asian American community to disaffiliate themselves from the Fremont unified School district. This gave rise to racial tension growing in both the camps and thus the effort was dropped. Thus the affluent community at present endeavourer to raise the standards o f the public schools and Fremont’s public school are considered the best in the whole of California. The Ohlone College is located just a bloke from Mission San Jose. It has a student capacity of 12, 000.There are various reputed universities located in Fremont. There are also schools for the deaf and the blind. Thus in terms of education and specialization in a particular field the avenues in Fremont are many. My family history in Mission San Jose of Fremont dates back to the time of the founding father Fermin de Lasuen in 1797 when the Mission San Jose came into being. After the 1834 the influence of the Missionaries faded away slowly after the enactment of secularization by the Mexican government. At the time of the great Gold Rust the township developed and expanded very fast. When the 1868 earth quake ruined the outbuildings of the Mission the community was mostly into agriculture. Fremont can boast of giving rise to many notable personalities like Olympic skater Kristi Yam aguchi Actress Julie Pinson, grew up in Fremont as did Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Dennis Eckersley, politician Emcee Lynx who were born or brought up here, as well as M. C. Hammer the Rap star and Christian minister resided in Fremont at his prime musical time, grew up in the Irvington district of Fremont. .( Wikipedia. (last modified 17:09, 7 September 2006). Fremont)

Rip van Winkle and Young Goodman Brown Essay - 862 Words

Adam Stansell Intro to Fiction Dr. Archer Rip Van Winkle and Young Goodman Brown: A story of runaway husbands and there similarities and differences. These two stories by Washington Irving and Nathaniel Hawthorne respectively, illustrate different examples of men wandering away from home, for somewhat different reasons, with somewhat the same results with the exception of the overall outcome upon the men. Careful analysis of the two stories can reveal both the similarities and the differences between the two, and how those things are important to the story as a whole. Young Goodman Brown takes a look at the life of man after venturing into the woods in order to complete some unknown errand in the middle of the night. He encounters an†¦show more content†¦One day, he leaves home with his dog to go squirrel hunting in order to escape the nagging of his wife. He ventures up into the mountains and encounters some men carrying moonshine up the mountain. He follows them and encounters more men playing a game of nine-pins and drinking. Having no regard for what may happen, he begins to drink with them. He soon falls asleep, to awake almost 20 years later, after the occurrence of the American Revolution. He returns to his village to discover that no one recognizes him, except for his now grown daughter who takes him in. He resumes his previous life of stories and good deeds, but never any hard work. This story, seemingly much less symbolic than Young Goodman Brown, still has a very valid point to make. This story points to the idea that hard work leads to prosperity, and avoiding said work could lead to a life that passes you by in an instant, resulting in a person unrecognizable to society. These two stories have many surface level similarities, but very glaring differences in the implicated meaning of these stories. Both seem to show a man, running away from home for a short time to complete some sort of errand. Both also result in the changing of said man, although much less Rip Van Winkle, into something a little less desirable. Young Goodman Brown loses all faith in his life and humanity, therefore ma king the rest of his life miserable, andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Rip Van Winkle And Young Goodman Brown 1197 Words   |  5 Pages In Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the wilderness is used as a place for the main characters of both stories to have profound supernatural, spiritual experiences. Washington Irving uses the wilderness and nature to add a great sense of romanticism to his writing by creating a peaceful, mystical world. In Rip Van Winkle, Iriving implies that nature’s possessive beauty offers a great escape from the conventions of everyday life and can allow oneRead MoreOf Witchcraft In Young Goodman Brown And Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle1126 Words   |  5 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorn’s Young Goodman Brown and Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle share a common ground of witchcraft and a man vs man inner conflict of the unknown. We witness our two protagonist Goodman Brown and Rip endure life or death situations and what they conquer throughout their self-entitlement. Firstly, we see the journey of young, newly wedded Goodman Brown, and his wife Faith. A Puritan believed couple, who’s in the mindset of being set for life all because of Faith being an EliteRead More Comparing Fall of the House of Usher, Young Goodman Brown, and Rip Van Winkle1420 Words   |  6 Pagesof Usher, Young Goodman Brown, and Rip Van Winkle In the early eighteen hundreds, literature in the Americas started a revolution of style in upcoming authors. Authors started to look towards nature for symbolism and society as a source of sin. The underlined meaning in most of these stories was meant to leave the reader with a new perspective of their personal lives and society as a whole. Three stories that use this particular technique are Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, Edgar AllenRead MoreEssay on Rip Van Winkle1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe characters in Rip Van Winkle and Young Goodman Brown written respectively by Washington Irving and Nathaniel Hawthorne leave their individual communities and return with radically different perspectives (of their current lives) that change their attitudes and way of life in the remaining of their lives. Both stories are set in early American villages, Young Goodman Brown takes place in the 1700’s New England puritan settlement while Rip Van Winkle takes place over 100 years later in an EnglishRead MoreWashington Irvings The Legend Of The Sleepy Hollow And Rip Van Winkle And Young Goodman Walker And Edgar Allen Poe1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle, Edgar Allen Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher, and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown are all Romantic literary writings. They all feature characters who have a psychotic element to them and claim supernatural events have occurred; it’s Ichabod in The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle and his daughter in Rip Van Winkle, the narrator and Usher in The Fall of the House of Usher, and Goodman Brown in Young Goodman Brown. Because of this similarityRead MoreThe American Character Essay1814 Words   |  8 Pagesof 1819 â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† Unbeknownst to Rip Van Winkle, the colonies are now free of British rule as Irving writes, â€Å"Here a general shout burst from the bystanders—‘A Tory! a Tory! a spy! A refugee! hust le him! Away with him’† (Matthews, 2007, para. 36). Rip enters the village armed, ignorant of the fact that he presents the look of a loyalist. The question of being a refugee is preferable to accusations of being a Tory, as a colonist refugee would not claim British loyalty which Rip did openlyRead MoreAmerica s Deep Puritan And Calvinist Roots841 Words   |  4 Pagesand hypocrisy that was present at the time. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† we have an allegory that appears to be quite obvious. The pious young Brown literally and figuratively leaves his â€Å"Faith† and embarks on a walk with the devil. During his stroll, he comes upon all the people in his life he thought most Christian- including the local reverend, his catechism teacher, and ultimately his own young wife. Brown is traumatized to learn that his faith had been misplaced in people whoRead More Timeline of American Literature and Events Essay3022 Words   |  13 Pagespiece of 1819 â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† Unbeknownst to Rip Van Winkle, the colonies are now free of British rule as Irving writes, â€Å"Here a general shout burst from the bystanders—‘A Tory! a Tory! a spy! A refugee! hustle him! Away with him’† (Matthews, 2007, para. 36). Rip enters the village armed, ignorant of the fact that he presents the look of a loyalist. The question of being a refugee prevails over accusations of being a Tory, as a colonist refugee would not claim British loyalty which Rip did openlyRead MoreEarly American Literature Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagestalent for creating a magical, fairytale quality in his tales, notably, Rip Van Winkle and thus helped shape the folklore of early America. Rip Van Winkle demonstrating the struggle that man had in order to be truly free, rather nationally or individually. His elegant writing style, full of gentle humor and vivid descriptions, became the building block for other writers to come. Around the same time as Irvings Rip Van Winkle, William Cullen Bryants Thanatopsis displayed a pantheistic viewRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown894 Words   |  4 Pagesdemonstrated in at least two of the stories we read. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, I found several romanticism characteristics to be in this story. One being, the emphasis on feelings and emotions. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"The cry of grief, rage, and terror was yet piercing through the night, when the unhappy husband held his breath for a response.† The cry of anguish and pain are very applicable to the protagonist idea in this story. Brown also expresses feeling when he doesn t want to leave his

Story about Education - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1172 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Autobiography Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The autobiography of the Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is Linda Brent story. We see the before, duing, and after she was a slave. Her parents died and she was raised by her grandmother named Aunty Marty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Story about Education" essay for you Create order Linda did not know she was a slave because her parents did not tell her. In the result of that she grew up with a better mentality rather than a person who knew they were owned by someone from the start. Margaret Horniblow was her slave owner, she taught her about literature and about sowing. After her mistress Margaret died, Linda got a new mistress who was oddly young her name was Emily Flint. However Emily was not considered Lindas mistress because what can a 5 year old possibly want. Her dad Dr. Flint took care of that he was the one who told Linda what to do. He was the bad guy in her story because he abused his power and he did not feel sympathy for the slaves. We found out that he abused Linda sexually but she is not left with her arms crossed, as protection she actually gets into a relationship with a white man named Mr. Sands but she doesnt have any emotions toward him and the result they had two children. Brent runs away from Dr. Flint and she hides for seven years in an attic. In this paper, I will form an argument on how the Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl provides evidence in white and slave cultures that shows the social construction of gender shaped workspace, family, and the type of access of education. Education was not given to slaves. Slave owners had different points of view when it came to that there was slave owners who just saw them as property and a very small amount of slave owners felt bad for the slaves and as a reward they taught them something. The majority of the slave owner thought they had no need to learn anything. Education was exclusive to slaves it did not matter if you were a male nor female. However, if a slave knew how to read was because their masters or mistress taught them to. To have the small amount of slave owners that felt sympathy was very rare. Linda had a sympathetic master because she knew literacy, her first slave owner taught her that. In the brighter side of the spectrum, white people males and females received an education. The family was very important to both white and black people. However, for a black person who cared for their family, it was hard to keep their family intact White slave owners were cruel because they did not feel compassion for the children who were abducted from their mothers. A mother would do anything to get their children back but it was not easy, if the mother wanted her child back she had to purchase them as if they were some type of toy they were buying from the store. Her grandmother, Aunty Marty was separated from her kids, Benjamin and Philip. Aunty Marty became her own mistress, she bought her son Philip but never knew what happen to her son Benjamin after he was free. The family structure of a slave is how we could imagine it, males were in charge, as part of their job they had to provide to his owner but if the male slave did not have a family it would be the same structure but what changed is that he had to only support himself. Linda remained hiding in a space above the shed for seven years in order for her kids and her be free. The sacrifice she did was only what a mother would do for her family. Families would get separated no matter your gender, female and male slaves were treated the same in that aspect. A white person had it easy, they did not have to worry who was going to buy them, how were they going to be split apart, or if they had enough money to buy their children back from a slave owner. In a white people were united as a family, the only reason a white person was separated from their family was if they were running away from them due to conflicts and different opinions that they shared. Everybody would like to have a job in order to have money on his or her wallet and provide the bread for your family. If you were a female and male slave, getting a job was not easy, typically slaves had a challenging job such as working in the plantation fields. Female slaves did everything at home, cook, clean, and bare children. In the autobiography states, how a female would cook for the master and if the master was not satisfied with food they were given, the master would whip the female slave. Slave owners would have sexual desires for their slaves. Slaves had to obey what their master told them to do if there was some type of resists they were punished. Having to be owned by someone was not easy, male slaves would get into arguments with their master and the arguments would escalate quickly when that happens they were punished, their punishment was not providing food for them and including a physical punishment. White people were not put through all of this, they did not have hard jobs because they would monitor slaves and owned them. The autobiography was written during 1861. Her story was the beginning of a good change. Her story is mind-blowing, she had to face a difficult obstacle in order to be free, many people should read her story to learn about history. Throughout this course we saw males and female slaves were not very different. Both sex did not received education but males had more of an advantage. Slaves would learn something if their master or mistress taught them something. The family role was different for both sex because females had to do household activities and take care of the children in the other hand males had to provide income. Same goes with getting a job, women would not work and stayed home and males would work in the fields. Conclusion White peoples life was not as challenging. Both sex had the opportunity to have a decent education. Women did not have as a respectful job as man did. Family roles were similar to slave women roles, they had to take care of their children. Males were the alfa. However, this is her story we can not rely on her insight. The way things that happen to her were very heart breaking but she was not the exception, if we dig more into more female slaves story her story would be similar to the rest of them. It is a good thing that a woman shared her story, we are used to males having more power than women and society views that as a correct thing.

The Golden Compass Chapter Eighteen Free Essays

Part Three Svalbard Chapter Eighteen Fog And Ice Lee Scoresby arranged some furs over Lyra. She curled up close to Roger and they lay together asleep as the balloon swept on toward the Pole. The aeronaut checked his instruments from time to time, chewed on the cigar he would never light with the inflammable hydrogen so close, and huddled deeper into his own furs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Compass Chapter Eighteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"This little girl’s pretty important, huh?† he said after several minutes. â€Å"More than she will know,† Serafina Pekkala said. â€Å"Does that mean there’s gonna be much in the way of armed pursuit? You understand, I’m speaking as a practical man with a living to earn. I can’t afford to get busted up or shot to pieces without some kind of compensation agreed to in advance. I ain’t trying to lower the tone of this expedition, believe me, ma’am. But John Faa and the gyptians paid me a fee that’s enough to cover my time and skill and the normal wear and tear on the balloon, and that’s all. It didn’t include acts-of-war insurance. And let me tell you, ma’am, when we land lorek Byrnison on Svalbard, that will count as an act of war.† He spat a piece of smokeleaf delicately overboard. â€Å"So I’d like to know what we can expect in the way of mayhem and ructions,† he finished. â€Å"There may be fighting,† said Serafina Pekkala. â€Å"But you have fought before.† â€Å"Sure, when I’m paid. But the fact is, I thought this was a straightforward transportation contract, and I charged according. And I’m a wondering now, after that little dust-up down there, I’m a wondering how far my transportation responsibility extends. Whether I’m bound to risk my life and my equipment in a war among the bears, for example. Or whether this little child has enemies on Svalbard as hot-tempered as the ones back at Bolvangar. I merely mention all this by way of making conversation.† â€Å"Mr. Scoresby,† said the witch, â€Å"I wish I could answer your question. All I can say is that all of us, humans, witches, bears, are engaged in a war already, although not all of us know it. Whether you find danger on Svalbard or whether you fly off unharmed, you are a recruit, under arms, a soldier.† â€Å"Well, that seems kinda precipitate. Seems to me a man should have a choice whether to take up arms or not.† â€Å"We have no more choice in that than in whether or not to be born.† â€Å"Oh, I like choice, though,† he said. â€Å"I like choosing the jobs I take and the places I go and the food I eat and the companions I sit and yarn with. Don’t you wish for a choice once in a while ?† Serafina Pekkala considered, and then said, â€Å"Perhaps we don’t mean the same thing by choice, Mr. Scoresby. Witches own nothing, so we’re not interested in preserving value or making profits, and as for the choice between one thing and another, when you live for many hundreds of years, you know that every opportunity will come again. We have different needs. You have to repair your balloon and keep it in good condition, and that takes time and trouble, I see that; but for us to fly, all we have to do is tear off a branch of cloud-pine; any will do, and there are plenty more. We don’t feel cold, so we need no warm clothes. We have no means of exchange apart from mutual aid. If a witch needs something, another witch will give it to her. If there is a war to be fought, we don’t consider cost one of the factors in deciding whether or not it is right to fight. Nor do we have any notion of honor, as bears do, for instance. An insult to a bear is a deadly th ing. To us†¦ inconceivable. How could you insult a witch? What would it matter if you did?† â€Å"Well, I’m kinda with you on that. Sticks and stones, I’ll break yer bones, but names ain’t worth a quarrel. But ma’am, you see my dilemma, I hope. I’m a simple aeronaut, and I’d like to end my days in comfort. Buy a little farm, a few head of cattle, some horses†¦Nothing grand, you notice. No palace or slaves or heaps of gold. Just the evening wind over the sage, and a ceegar, and a glass of bourbon whiskey. Now the trouble is, that costs money. So I do my flying in exchange for cash, and after every job I send some gold back to the Wells Fargo Bank, and when I’ve got enough, ma’am, I’m gonna sell this balloon and book me a passage on a steamer to Port Galveston, and I’ll never leave the ground again.† â€Å"There’s another difference between us, Mr. Scoresby. A witch would no sooner give up flying than give up breathing. To fly is to be perfectly ourselves.† â€Å"I see that, ma’am, and I envy you; but I ain’t got your sources of satisfaction. Flying is just a job to me, and I’m just a technician. I might as well be adjusting valves in a gas engine or wiring up anbaric circuits. But I chose it, you see. It was my own free choice. Which is why I find this notion of a war I ain’t been told nothing about kinda troubling.† â€Å"lorek Byrnison’s quarrel with his king is part of it too,† said the witch. â€Å"This child is destined to play a part in that.† â€Å"You speak of destiny,† he said, â€Å"as if it was fixed. And I ain’t sure I like that any more than a war I’m enlisted in without knowing about it. Where’s my free will, if you please? And this child seems to me to have more free will than anyone I ever met. Are you telling me that she’s just some kind of clockwork toy wound up and set going on a course she can’t change?† â€Å"We are all subject to the fates. But we must all act as if we are not,† said the witch, â€Å"or die of despair. There is a curious prophecy about this child: she is destined to bring about the end of destiny. But she must do so without knowing what she is doing, as if it were her nature and not her destiny to do it. If she’s told what she must do, it will all fail; death will sweep through all the worlds; it will be the triumph of despair, forever. The universes will all become nothing more than interlocking machines, blind and empty of thought, feeling, life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They looked down at Lyra, whose sleeping face (what little of it they could see inside her hood) wore a stubborn little frown. â€Å"I guess part of her knows that,† said the aeronaut. â€Å"Looks prepared for it, anyways. How about the little boy? You know she came all this way to save him from those fiends back there? They were playmates, back in Oxford or somewhere. Did you know that?† â€Å"Yes, I did know that. Lyra is carrying something of immense value, and it seems that the fates are using her as a messenger to take it to her father. So she came all this way to find her friend, not knowing that her friend was brought to the North by the fates, in order that she might follow and bring something to her father.† â€Å"That’s how you read it, huh?† For the first time the witch seemed unsure. â€Å"That is how it seems†¦.But we can’t read the darkness, Mr. Scoresby. It is more than possible that I might be wrong.† â€Å"And what brought you into all this, if I can ask?† â€Å"Whatever they were doing at Bolvangar, we felt it was wrong with all our hearts. Lyra is their enemy; so we are her friends. We don’t see more clearly than that. But also there is my clan’s friendship for the gyptian people, which goes back to the time when Farder Coram saved my life. We are doing this at their bidding. And they have ties of obligation with Lord Asriel.† â€Å"I see. So you’re towing the balloon to Svalbard for the gyptians’ sake. And does that friendship extend to towing us back again? Or will I have to wait for a kindly wind, and depend on the indulgence of the bears in the meantime? Once again, ma’am, I’m asking merely in a spirit of friendly enquiry.† â€Å"If we can help you back to Trollesund, Mr. Scoresby, we shall do so. But we don’t know what we shall meet on Svalbard. The bears’ new king has made many changes; the old ways are out of favor; it might be a difficult landing. And I don’t know how Lyra will find her way to her father. Nor do I know what lorek Byrnison has it in mind to do, except that his fate is involved with hers.† â€Å"I don’t know either, ma’am. I think he’s attached himself to the little girl as a kind of protector. She helped him get his armor back, you see. Who knows what bears feel? But if a bear ever loved a human being, he loves her. As for landing on Svalbard, it’s never been easy. Still, if I can call on you for a tug in the right direction, I’ll feel kinda easier in my mind; and if there’s anything I can do for you in return, you only have to say. But just so as I know, would you mind telling me whose side I’m on in this invisible war?† â€Å"We are both on Lyra’s side.† â€Å"Oh, no doubt about that.† They flew on. Because of the clouds below there was no way of telling how fast they were going. Normally, of course, a balloon remained still with respect to the wind, floating at whatever speed the air itself was moving; but now, pulled by the witches, the balloon was moving through the air instead of with it, and resisting the movement, too, because the unwieldy gas bag had none of the streamlined smoothness of a zeppelin. As a result, the basket swung this way and that, rocking and bumping much more than on a normal flight. Lee Scoresby wasn’t concerned for his comfort so much as for his instruments, and he spent some time making sure they were securely lashed to the main struts. According to the altimeter, they were nearly ten thousand feet up. The temperature was minus 20 degrees. He had been colder than this, but not much, and he didn’t want to get any colder now; so he unrolled the canvas sheet he used as an emergency bivouac, and spread it in front of the sleeping children to keep off the wind, before lying down back to back with his old comrade in arms, lorek Byrnison, and falling asleep. When Lyra woke up, the moon was high in the sky, and everything in sight was silver-plated, from the roiling surface of the clouds below to the frost spears and icicles on the rigging of the balloon. Roger was sleeping, and so were Lee Scoresby and the bear. Beside the basket, however, the witch queen was flying steadily. â€Å"How far are we from Svalbard?† Lyra said. â€Å"If we meet no winds, we shall be over Svalbard in twelve hours or so.† â€Å"Where are we going to land?† â€Å"It depends on the weather. We’ll try to avoid the cliffs, though. There are creatures living there who prey on anything that moves. If we can, we’ll set you down in the interior, away from lofur Raknison’s palace.† â€Å"What’s going to happen when I find Lord Asriel? Will he want to come back to Oxford, or what? I don’t know if I ought to tell him I know he’s my father, neither. He might want to pretend he’s still my uncle. I don’t hardly know him at all.† â€Å"He won’t want to go back to Oxford, Lyra. It seems that there is something to be done in another world, and Lord Asriel is the only one who can bridge the gulf between that world and this. But he needs something to help him.† â€Å"The alethiometer!† Lyra said. â€Å"The Master of Jordan gave it to me and I thought there was something he wanted to say about Lord Asriel, except he never had the chance. I knew he didn’t really want to poison him. Is he going to read it and see how to make the bridge? I bet I could help him. I can probably read it as good as anyone now.† â€Å"I don’t know,† said Serafina Pekkala. â€Å"How he’ll do it, and what his task will be, we can’t tell. There are powers who speak to us, and there are powers above them; and there are secrets even from the most high.† â€Å"The alethiometer would tell me! I could read it now†¦.† But it was too cold; she would never have managed to hold it. She bundled herself up and pulled the hood tight against the chill of the wind, leaving only a slit to look through. Far ahead, and a little below, the long rope extended from the suspension ring of the balloon, pulled by six or seven witches sitting on their cloud-pine branches. The stars shone as bright and cold and hard as diamonds. â€Å"Why en’t you cold, Serafina Pekkala?† â€Å"We feel cold, but we don’t mind it, because we will not come to harm. And if we wrapped up against the cold, we wouldn’t feel other things, like the bright tingle of the stars, or the music of the Aurora, or best of all the silky feeling of moonlight on our skin. It’s worth being cold for that.† â€Å"Could I feel them?† â€Å"No. You would die if you took your furs off. Stay wrapped up.† â€Å"How long do witches live, Serafina Pekkala? Farder Coram says hundreds of years. But you don’t look old at all.† â€Å"I am three hundred years or more. Our oldest witch mother is nearly a thousand. One day, Yambe-Akka will come for her. One day she’ll come for me. She is the goddess of the dead. She comes to you smiling and kindly, and you know it is time to die.† â€Å"Are there men witches? Or only women?† â€Å"There are men who serve us, like the consul at Trollesund. And there are men we take for lovers or husbands. You are so young, Lyra, too young to understand this, but I shall tell you anyway and you’ll understand it later: men pass in front of our eyes like butterflies, creatures of a brief season. We love them; they are brave, proud, beautiful, clever; and they die almost at once. They die so soon that our hearts are continually racked with pain. We bear their children, who are witches if they are female, human if not; and then in the blink of an eye they are gone, felled, slain, lost. Our sons, too. When a little boy is growing, he thinks he is immortal. His mother knows he isn’t. Each time becomes more painful, until finally your heart is broken. Perhaps that is when Yambe-Akka comes for you. She is older than the tundra. Perhaps, for her, witches’ lives are as brief as men’s are to us.† â€Å"Did you love Farder Coram?† â€Å"Yes. Does he know that?† â€Å"I don’t know, but I know he loves you.† â€Å"When he rescued me, he was young and strong and full of pride and beauty. I loved him at once. I would have changed my nature, I would have forsaken the star-tingle and the music of the Aurora; I would never have flown again – I would have given all that up in a moment, without a thought, to be a gyptian boat wife and cook for him and share his bed and bear his children. But you cannot change what you are, only what you do. I am a witch. He is a human. I stayed with him for long enough to bear him a child†¦.† â€Å"He never said! Was it a girl? A witch?† â€Å"No. A boy, and he died in the great epidemic of forty years ago, the sickness that came out of the East. Poor little child; he flickered into life and out of it like a mayfly. And it tore pieces out of my heart, as it always does. It broke Coram’s. And then the call came for me to return to my own people, because Yambe-Akka had taken my mother, and I was clan queen. So I left, as I had to.† â€Å"Did you never see Farder Coram again?† â€Å"Never. I heard of his deeds; I heard how he was wounded by the Skraelings, with a poisoned arrow, and I sent herbs and spells to help him recover, but I wasn’t strong enough to see him. I heard how broken he was after that, and how his wisdom grew, how much he studied and read, and I was proud of him and his goodness. But I stayed away, for they were dangerous times for my clan, and witch wars were threatening, and besides, I thought he would forget me and find a human wife†¦.† â€Å"He never would,† said Lyra stoutly. â€Å"You oughter go and see him. He still loves you, I know he does.† â€Å"But he would be ashamed of his own age, and I wouldn’t want to make him feel that.† â€Å"Perhaps he would. But you ought to send a message to him, at least. That’s what I think.† Serafina Pekkala said nothing for a long time. Pantalaimon became a tern and flew to her branch for a second, to acknowledge that perhaps they had been insolent. Then Lyra said, â€Å"Why do people have daemons, Serafina Pekkala?† â€Å"Everyone asks that, and no one knows the answer. As long as there have been human beings, they have had daemons. It’s what makes us different from animals.† â€Å"Yeah! We’re different from them all right†¦.Like bears. They’re strange, en’t they, bears? You think they’re like a person, and then suddenly they do something so strange or ferocious you think you’ll never understand them†¦.But you know what lorek said to me, he said that his armor for him was like what a daemon is for a person. It’s his soul, he said. But that’s where they’re different again, because he made this armor his-self. They took his first armor away when they sent him into exile, and he found some sky iron and made some new armor, like making a new soul. We can’t make our daemons. Then the people at Trollesund, they got him drunk on spirits and stole it away, and I found out where it was and he got it back†¦.But what I wonder is, why’s he coming to Svalbard? They’ll fight him. They might kill him†¦.I love lorek. I love him so much I wish he wasn’t coming.† â€Å"Has he told you who he is?† â€Å"Only his name. And it was the consul at Trollesund who told us that.† â€Å"He is highborn. He is a prince. In fact, if he had not committed a great crime, he would be the king of the bears by now.† â€Å"He told me their king was called lofur Raknison.† â€Å"lofur Raknison became king when lorek Byrnison was exiled. lofur is a prince, of course, or he wouldn’t be allowed to rule; but he is clever in a human way; he makes alliances and treaties; he lives not as bears do, in ice forts, but in a new-built palace; he talks of exchanging ambassadors with human nations and developing the fire mines with the help of human engineers†¦.He is very skillful and subtle. Some say that he provoked lorek into the deed for which he was exiled, and others say that even if he didn’t, he encourages them to think he did, because it adds to his reputation for craft and subtlety.† â€Å"What did lorek do? See, one reason I love lorek, it’s because of my father doing what he did and being punished. Seems to me they’re like each other. lorek told me he’d killed another bear, but he never said how it came about.† â€Å"The fight was over a she-bear. The male whom lorek killed would not display the usual signals of surrender when it was clear that lorek was stronger. For all their pride, bears never fail to recognize superior force in another bear and surrender to it, but for some reason this bear didn’t do it. Some say that lofur Raknison worked on his mind, or gave him confusing herbs to eat. At any rate, the young bear persisted, and lorek Byrnison allowed his temper to master him. The case was not hard to judge; he should have wounded, not killed.† â€Å"So otherwise he’d be king,† Lyra said. â€Å"And I heard something about lofur Raknison from the Palmerian Professor at Jordan, ’cause he’d been to the North and met him. He said†¦ I wish I could remember what it was†¦.I think he’d tricked his way on to the throne or something†¦.But you know, lorek said to me once that bears couldn’t be tricked, and showed me that I couldn’t trick him. It sounds as if they was both tricked, him and the other bear. Maybe only bears can trick bears, maybe people can’t. Except†¦The people at Trollesund, they tricked him, didn’t they? When they got him drunk and stole his armor?† â€Å"When bears act like people, perhaps they can be tricked,† said Serafina Pekkala. â€Å"When bears act like bears, perhaps they can’t. No bear would normally drink spirits. lorek Byrnison drank to forget the shame of exile, and it was only that which let the Trollesund people trick him.† â€Å"Ah, yes,† said Lyra, nodding. She was satisfied with that idea. She admired lorek almost without limit, and she was glad to find confirmation of his nobility. â€Å"That’s clever of you,† she said. â€Å"I wouldn’t have known that if you hadn’t told me. I think you’re probably cleverer than Mrs. Coulter.† They flew on. Lyra chewed some of the seal meat she found in her pocket. â€Å"Serafina Pekkala,† she said after some time, â€Å"what’s Dust? ‘Cause it seems to me that all this trouble’s about Dust, only no one’s told me what it is.† â€Å"I don’t know,† Serafina Pekkala told her. â€Å"Witches have never worried about Dust. All I can tell you is that where there are priests, there is fear of Dust. Mrs. Coulter is not a priest, of course, but she is a powerful agent of the Magisterium, and it was she who set up the Oblation Board and persuaded the Church to pay for Bolvangar, because of her interest in Dust. We can’t understand her feelings about it. But there are many things we have never understood. We see the Tartars making holes in their skulls, and we can only wonder at the strangeness of it. So Dust may be strange, and we wonder at it, but we don’t fret and tear things apart to examine it. Leave that to the Church.† â€Å"The Church?† said Lyra. Something had come back to her: she remembered talking with Pantalaimon, in the fens, about what it might be that was moving the needle of the alethiometer, and they had thought of the photomill on the high altar at Gabriel College, and how elementary particles pushed the little vanes around. The Intercessor there was clear about the link between elementary particles and religion. â€Å"Could be,† she said, nodding. â€Å"Most Church things, they keep secret, after all. But most Church things are old, and Dust en’t old, as far as I know. I wonder if Lord Asriel might tell me†¦.† She yawned. â€Å"I better lie down,† she said to Serafina Pekkala, â€Å"else I’ll probably freeze. I been cold down on the ground, but I never been this cold. I think I might die if I get any colder.† â€Å"Then lie down and wrap yourself in the furs.† â€Å"Yeah, I will. If I was going to die, I’d rather die up here than down there, any day. I thought when they put us under that blade thing, I thought that was it†¦.We both did. Oh, that was cruel. But we’ll lie down now. Wake us up when we get there,† she said, and got down on the pile of furs, clumsy and aching in every part of her with the profound intensity of the cold, and lay as close as she could to the sleeping Roger. And so the four travelers sailed on, sleeping in the ice-encrusted balloon, toward the rocks and glaciers, the fire mines and the ice forts of Svalbard. Serafina Pekkala called to the aeronaut, and he woke at once, groggy with cold, but aware from the movement of the basket that something was wrong. It was swinging wildly as strong winds buffeted the gas bag, and the witches pulling the rope were barely managing to hold it. If they let go, the balloon would be swept off course at once, and to judge by his glance at the compass, would be swept toward Nova Zembla at nearly a hundred miles an hour. â€Å"Where are we?† Lyra heard him call. She was half-waking herself, uneasy because of the motion, and so cold that every part of her body was numb. She couldn’t hear the witch’s reply, but through her half-closed hood she saw, in the light of an anbaric lantern, Lee Scoresby hold on to a strut and pull at a rope leading up into the gas bag itself. He gave a sharp tug as if against some obstruction, and looked up into the buffeting dark before looping the rope around a cleat on the suspension ring. â€Å"I’m letting out some gas!† he shouted to Serafina Pekkala. â€Å"We’ll go down. We’re way too high.† The witch called something in return, but again Lyra couldn’t hear it. Roger was waking too; the creaking of the basket was enough to wake the deepest sleeper, never mind the rocking and bumping. Roger’s daemon and Pantalaimon clung together like marmosets, and Lyra concentrated on lying still and not leaping up in fear. ‘†S all right,† Roger said, sounding much more cheerful than she was. â€Å"Soon’s we get down we can make a fire and get warm. I got some matches in me pocket. I pinched ’em out the kitchen at Bolvangar.† The balloon was certainly descending, because they were enveloped a second later in thick freezing cloud. Scraps and wisps of it flew through the basket, and then everything was obscured, all at once. It was like the thickest fog Lyra had ever known. After a moment or two there came another cry from Serafina Pekkala, and the aeronaut unlooped the rope from the cleat and let go. It sprang upward through his hands, and even over the creak and the buffeting and the howl of wind through the rigging Lyra heard or felt a mighty thump from somewhere far above. Lee Scoresby saw her wide eyes. â€Å"That’s the gas valve!† he shouted. â€Å"It works on a spring to hold the gas in. When I pull it down, some gas escapes outta the top, and we lose buoyancy and go down.† â€Å"Are we nearly – â€Å" She didn’t finish, because something hideous happened. A creature half the size of a man, with leathery wings and hooked claws, was crawling over the side of the basket toward Lee Scoresby. It had a flat head, with bulging eyes and a wide frog mouth, and from it came wafts of abominable stink. Lyra had no time to scream, even, before lorek Byrnison reached up and cuffed it away. It fell out of the basket and vanished with a shriek. â€Å"Cliff-ghast,† said lorek briefly. The next moment Serafina Pekkala appeared, and clung to the side of the basket, speaking urgently. â€Å"The cliff-ghasts are attacking. We’ll bring the balloon to the ground, and then we must defend ourselves. They’re – â€Å" But Lyra didn’t hear the rest of what she said, because there was a rending, ripping sound, and everything tilted sideways. Then a terrific blow hurled the three humans against the side of the balloon where lorek Byrnison’s armor was stacked, lorek put out a great paw to hold them in, because the basket was jolting so violently. Serafina Pekkala had vanished. The noise was appalling: over every other sound there came the shrieking of the cliff-ghasts, and Lyra saw them hurtling past, and smelled their foul stench. Then there came another jerk, so sudden that it threw them all to the floor again, and the basket began to sink with frightening speed, spinning all the while. It felt as if they had torn loose from the balloon, and were dropping unchecked by anything; and then came another series of jerks and crashes, the basket being tossed rapidly from side to side as if they were bouncing between rock walls. The last thing Lyra saw was Lee Scoresby firing his long-barreled pistol directly in the face of a cliff-ghast; and then she shut her eyes tight, and clung to lorek Byrnison’s fur with passionate fear. Howls, shrieks, the lash and whistle of the wind, the creak of the basket like a tormented animal, all filled the wild air with hideous noise. Then came the biggest jolt of all, and she found herself hurled out altogether. Her grip was torn loose, and all the breath was knocked out of her lungs as she landed in such a tangle that she couldn’t tell which way was up; and her face in the tight-pulled hood was full of powder, dry, cold, crystals – It was snow; she had landed in a snowdrift. She was so battered that she could hardly think. She lay quite still for several seconds before feebly spitting out the snow in her mouth, and then she blew just as feebly until there was a little space to breathe in. Nothing seemed to be hurting in particular; she just felt utterly breathless. Cautiously she tried to move hands, feet, arms, legs, and to raise her head. She could see very little, because her hood was still filled with snow. With an effort, as if her hands weighed a ton each, she brushed it off and peered out. She saw a world of gray, of pale grays and dark grays and blacks, where fog drifts wandered like wraiths. The only sounds she could hear were the distant cries of the cliff-ghasts, high above, and the crash of waves on rocks, some way off. â€Å"lorek!† she cried. Her voice was faint and shaky, and she tried again, but no one answered. â€Å"Roger!† she called, with the same result. She might have been alone in the world, but of course she never was, and Pantalaimon crept out of her anorak as a mouse to keep her company. â€Å"I’ve checked the alethiometer,† he said, â€Å"and it’s all right. Nothing’s broken.† â€Å"We’re lost, Pan!† she said. â€Å"Did you see those cliff-ghasts? And Mr. Scoresby shooting ’em? God help us if they come down here†¦.† â€Å"We better try and find the basket,† he said, â€Å"maybe.† â€Å"We better not call out,† she said. â€Å"I did just now, but maybe I better not in case they hear us. I wish I knew where we were.† â€Å"We might not like it if we did,† he pointed out. â€Å"We might be at the bottom of a cliff with no way up, and the cliff-ghasts at the top to see us when the fog clears.† She felt around, once she had rested a few more minutes, and found that she had landed in a gap between two ice-covered rocks. Freezing fog covered everything; to one side there was the crash of waves about fifty yards off, by the sound of it, and from high above there still came the shrieking of the cliff-ghasts, though that seemed to be abating a little. She could see no more than two or three yards in the murk, and even Pantalaimon’s owl eyes were helpless. She made her way painfully, slipping and sliding on the rough rocks, away from the waves and up the beach a little, and found nothing but rock and snow, and no sign of the balloon or any of the occupants. â€Å"They can’t have all just vanished,† she whispered. Pantalaimon prowled, cat-formed, a little farther afield, and came across four heavy sandbags broken open, with the scattered sand already freezing hard. â€Å"Ballast,† Lyra said. â€Å"He must’ve slung ’em off to fly up again†¦.† She swallowed hard to subdue the lump in her throat, or the fear in her breast, or both. â€Å"Oh, God, I’m frightened,† she said. â€Å"I hope they’re safe.† He came to her arms and then, mouse-formed, crept into her hood where he couldn’t be seen. She heard a noise, something scraping on rock, and turned to see what it was. â€Å"lorek!† But she choked the word back unfinished, for it wasn’t lorek Byrnison at all. It was a strange bear, clad in polished armor with the dew on it frozen into frost, and with a plume in his helmet. He stood still, about six feet away, and she thought she really was finished. The bear opened his mouth and roared. An echo came back from the cliffs and stirred more shrieking from far above. Out of the fog came another bear, and another. Lyra stood still, clenching her little human fists. The bears didn’t move until the first one said, â€Å"Your name?† â€Å"Lyra.† â€Å"Where have you come from?† â€Å"The sky.† â€Å"In a balloon?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Come with us. You are a prisoner. Move, now. Quickly.† Weary and scared, Lyra began to stumble over the harsh and slippery rocks, following the bear, wondering how she could talk her way out of this. How to cite The Golden Compass Chapter Eighteen, Essay examples

Locke and Hobbes Essay Example For Students

Locke and Hobbes Essay The formation of government is one of the central themes for both Hobbes and Locke. Whether or not men naturally form a government, or must form a government, is based on mans basic nature. According to Hobbes, a government must be formed to preserve life and prevent loss of property. According to Locke, a government arises to protect life and property. Governments are born of inequality and formed to administer equality. Hobbes goes into a lot of detail concerning mans interactions with one another including ways in which man can seek to live together in Peace, and Unity (page 69). However, Hobbes focuses on the interactions of man seeking the same goal. In any system of limited resources, Competition of Riches, Honour, Command, or other power enclineth to Contention, Enmity, and War: Because the way of one Competitor, to attaining of his desire, is to kill, subdue, supplant, or repell the other (page 70). #9;Hobbes also deals with the qualities which man possess, and how they affect a mans basic nature. Man who is charismatic leads others to confide in him. Charisma combined with military ability causes men to follow others as leaders. Those who think of themselves as leaders, the ;quot;Men that have a strong opinion of their own wisdome in matter of government, are disposed to Ambition;quot; (page 72). ;#9;According to Hobbes ;quot;Nature hath made men so equall, in the faculties of body, and mind; as that though there bee found one man sometimes manifestly stronger in body, or of quicker mind then another; yet when all is reckoned together, the difference between man, and man, is not so considerable;quot; (page 86-87). Furthermore man tend to see himself as wisest in matters, whether or not others may do things better, and that there is no great sign of equal distribution, ;quot;than that every man is contended with his share;quot; (page 87). Hobbes and Locke consider the formation of government from mans own nature, whether or not government is formed because man is a social animal or if government is formed to preserve society. According to Locke, man must not quot;think that all government in the world is the product only of force and violence, and that men live together by no other rules but that of beastsquot; (page 1). quot;To understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of naturequot; (page 3). #9;Unlike Hobbes, whose laws of nature have to deal with mans preserving of his own life, Locke chooses to apply the term to the idea of reason, by saying that if man reasons about the fundamental concerns that government arises to protect life and property, man can come to certain natural concl usions about how they should be protected. ;#9;One of Lockes central themes is the distribution of property. In a state of natural abundance quot;all the fruits it naturally produces, and beasts it feeds, belong to mankind in commonquot; (page 18). In this situation the only thing man naturally owns is quot;his own person. This no body has any right to but himselfquot; (page 18). Therefore, man is in a way equal, however it is an imperfect equality. quot;Whatsoever then he removes out of the state that nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his propertyquot; (page 18). Therefore, everything belongs to mankind in general, until a man decides to take it upon himself to acquire something from its pure state in nature, and since he has to work to achieve this, the fruits of the labor are his. Renaissance Essay Questions#9;Locke also believes that if somebody takes more than he can use, and it spoils, or if somebody takes more land than he can cultivate, or if somebody allows crops to whither without being picked, they are committing crimes against humanity. However if somebody takes an acre of land, and by planting on it and harvesting the crop produces the same amount of food that can naturally be found in ten acres, they are in fact giving to mankind. As long as there is plenty of land left to take quot;he that leaves as much as another can make use of, does as good as take nothing at allquot; (page 21). It is human nature to quarrel, however according to Hobbes quot;in the nature of man, we find three principall causes of quarrel. First, Competition; Secondly, Diffidence; Thirdly, Gloryquot; (page 88). Men fight for their own gain, to protect themselves, and to acquire a reputation as warriors. Hobbes points out the basic nature of mans interactions with each other, however Hobbes is not saying that man is fundamentally evil, but rather, ;quot;The desires, and other Passions of man, are in themselves no Sin;quot; (page 89). They are merely natural parts of man, and should be understood as such. Locke also focuses on the nature of crime and justice. Mankind ;quot;may not unless it be to do justice to an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb or goods of another;quot; (page 5). Locke also holds that ;quot;if any one in the state of nature may punish another for any evil he has done, every one may do so;quot; (page 5). Furthermore, when one man does injury against another, ;quot;he who hath received any damage, has besides the right of punishment common to him with other men, a particular right to seek reparation from him that has done it. And any other person who finds it just, may also join with him that is injured, and assist him in recovering from the offender, so much as may make satisfaction for the harm he has suffered;quot; (page 6). ;#9;According to Hobbes, in a situation without government to moderate them, ;quot;The notions of right and Wrong, Justice and Injustice have there no place;quot; (page 90). Man is by nature inclined to take as much as he can for his own preservation at the cost of other men. Therefore, man must create government, and therefore, peace, because of the fear of death and loss of property. Hobbes compares the laws of nature versus human law by defining the laws of nature as those things that are fundamentally part of us and dictate our behavior and actions when there is no human law to do so. Human laws are imposed by men who recognize their own natures and freely give up some of their rights so that others will do the same. Any stable society of civilized men must come to this point, or fall into destruction from within. As for Lockes state of quot;perfect equalityquot;, quot;all men are naturally in that state, and remain so, till by their own consents they make themselves members of some political societyquot; (page 10). When that happens, men give up some of their free rights for others of protection and guarantees of safety and property, and thus a government is born. In conclusion, although a government should protect life and prevent loss of property, these protections are not guaranteed. Competition and crime is still a problem even though a government exists. Even today, throughout the world, inequalities still exist. Although governments exist there is still no guarantee of equality or that every life and all property will be protected.